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Termites are detritivores, consuming dead plants in any level of decomposition. They also play a vital role in the ecosystem by recycling waste material such as dead wood, faeces and plants.8182 Many species consume cellulose, having a specialised midgut that breaks down the fibre.83 Termites are considered to be a major source (11%) of atmospheric methane, one of the prime greenhouse gases, produced in the breakdown of cellulose.84 Termites rely primarily upon symbiotic protozoa (metamonads) and other microbes like flagellate protists in their guts to digest the cellulose to them, allowing them to absorb the end products to their own use.8586 Gut protozoa, such as Trichonympha, in turn, rely on symbiotic bacteria embedded on their own decks to create a number of the necessary digestive enzymes.
Certain species such as Gnathamitermes tubiformans have seasonal food habits. By way of example, they may preferentially consume Red three-awn (Aristida longiseta) during the summertime, Buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides) from May to August, and blue grama Bouteloua gracilis during spring, summer and autumn. Colonies of G. tubiformans consume less food in spring than they do during autumn when their feeding activity is high.91.
Numerous forests differ in their susceptibility to termite attack; the differences are attributed to these factors as moisture content, hardness, and resin and lignin content. In one study, the drywood termite Cryptotermes brevis strongly preferred poplar and walnut woods to other forests which were generally rejected from the termite colony.
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Some species of termite practice fungiculture. They maintain a"garden" of specialised fungi of genus Termitomyces, which are nourished by the excrement of these insects. When the fungi are eaten, their spores pass undamaged through the intestines of the termites to finish the cycle by germinating in the new faecal pellets.9394 Molecular evidence Recommended Site suggests that the family Macrotermitinae developed agriculture about 31 million years back.
Originally living in the rainforest, fungus farming allowed them to colonise the African savannah and other new environments, eventually expanding into Asia.95.
Depending on their feeding habits, termites are put into two classes: the lower termites and higher termites. The lower termites predominately feed on wood. As wood is difficult to digest, termites prefer to consume fungus-infected wood since it's easier to digest and the fungi are high in protein. Meanwhile, the higher termites consume a vast array of substances, including faeces, humus, bud, leaves and roots.96 The intestine in the lower termites contains many species of bacteria along with protozoa, while the greater termites only have a few species of bacteria with no protozoa.97.
Termites are consumed by a vast array of predators. One termite species alone, Hodotermes mossambicus, was found in the stomach contents of 65 creatures and 19 mammals.98 Arthropods like ants,99100 centipedes, cockroaches, crickets, dragonflies, scorpions and spiders,101 reptiles such as lizards,102 and amphibians such as frogs103 and toads consume termites, together with two spiders in the household Ammoxenidae being specialist termite you could try this out predators.104106 Other predators include aardvarks, aardwolves, anteaters, bats, bears, bilbies, many birds, echidnas, foxes, galagos, numbats, mice and pangolins.104107108109 The aardwolf is an insectivorous mammal that mostly feeds on termites; it locates its food by sound and also by detecting the scent secreted by the soldiers; a single aardwolf is capable of consuming thousands of termites in a single night by using its long, sticky tongue.110111 Sloth bears break open mounds to consume the nestmates, while chimpanzees have grown resources to"fish" termites from their nest.
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Among all predators, ants are the best enemy to termites.99100 Some ant genera are specialist predators of termites. For example, Megaponera is a strictly termite-eating (termitophagous) genus that execute raiding activities, some lasting a few hours.113114 Paltothyreus tarsatus is another termite-raiding species, with every individual stacking as many fleas as possible in its mandibles before returning home, all the while recruiting additional nestmates to the raiding site through chemical trails.99 The Malaysian basicerotine ants Eurhopalothrix heliscata utilizes a different strategy of termite hunting by pressing themselves into tight spaces, since they hunt through rotting wood housing termite colonies.
